Publications

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11 Publications found…

  • Academic Paper 27 March 2026

    Regulating critical technologies: National security and intellectual property

    By Phoebe Li and Atilla Kasap et al.

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    Summary CITP publication

    We investigate the legal solutions in relevant international trade and investment regimes that aim to tackle the unpredictability and instability created by selected trade measures based on national security and other non-economic objectives in international intellectual property protection. These measures include trade bans on the export and import of digital technologies and blocking investments to prevent the diffusion of intellectual property. In order to prevent abuse and ensure inclusivity, we propose a conditional right for invoking national security grounds to encompass claims reflecting multi-faceted security interests and a multi stakeholder model for governing critical infrastructure and technologies.

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  • Blog post 8 December 2025

    FinTech regulation and digital sovereignty: The case of Brazil’s mobile payment ‘PIX’

    By Javier Ruiz Diaz, Phoebe Li, Maria Savona, Beatriz Kira and Ana Soares Peres.

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    Summary CITP publication

    This blog explores the Brazilian instant mobile payment system and the US case against it.

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  • Briefing Paper 2 October 2025

    National security and intellectual property protection of critical technologies

    By Phoebe Li and Atilla Kasap et al.

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    Summary CITP publication

    This Briefing Paper maps the evolving IP ecosystem from the expansion of national security claims and innovation in critical technologies, and makes recommendations for how to improve the balance of concerns between IP protection and national security.

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  • Briefing Paper 11 April 2025

    A data and digital trade policy for the UK - economic, societal and industrial policy aspects

    By Minako Morita Jaeger, Ingo Borchert, Phoebe Li and Maria Savona et al.

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    Summary CITP publication

    This paper provides an overview of the environment in which digital trade takes place and highlights three areas where the UK Government can design and implement data and digital trade policy

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  • Evidence 18 October 2024

    House of Lords International Agreements Committee inquiry on Data and digital trade

    By Minako Morita Jaeger, Javier Ruiz Diaz, Phoebe Li and Maria Savona et al.

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    Summary CITP publication

    This written evidence submitted by CITP and UK Trade Policy Observatory (UKTPO) to the House of Lords International Agreements Committee on "Data and digital trade", looks at how developments in digital trade and the digitisation of trade should be reflected in agreements the UK Government negotiate and sign. CITP and UKTPO members include Minako Morita-Jaeger, Javier Ruiz, Phoebe Li and Maria Savona.

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  • Briefing Paper 29 July 2024

    The UK’s data governance regime and the (challenging) data partnership with Indonesia

    By Phoebe Li, Minako Morita Jaeger, Javier Ruiz Diaz, Arif Perdana and Saru Arifin et al.

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    Summary CITP publication

    The UK’s and Indonesia’s approaches to data governance and the challenges that arise from attempts to bring them closer together, which would arguably facilitate bilateral trade in digitally-delivered services.

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  • Academic Paper 5 December 2023

    Regulating Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-Enabled Medical Devices in Europe and the United Kingdom

    By Phoebe Li et al.

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    Summary CITP publication

    This paper reviews the key themes, challenges and potential solutions raised at two stakeholder workshops and highlights recent attempts to adapt the laws for AI-enabled medical devices (AIeMD) with a special focus on the regulatory proposals in the UK and internationally. The UK regulatory trajectory shows signs of alignment with the US thinking, and yet the European Union model is still the most closely aligned framework.

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  • Blog post 22 June 2023

    The Atlantic Declaration Action Plan (ADAPT): Artificial Intelligence and data bridge

    By Phoebe Li and Javier Ruiz Diaz.

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    Summary CITP publication

    The UK Government has been striving to navigate a distinct regulatory digital regime away from the EU’s precautionary thinking and the recent Atlantic Declaration strengthens the US-UK partnership in leading critical technology innovation. This blog focuses on two aspects of digital collaboration mentioned in the Atlantic Declaration: Artificial Intelligence and data bridge.

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  • Academic Paper 26 May 2023

    Learning From Experience and Finding the Right Balance in the Governance of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Health Technologies

    By Stephen Gilbert, Stuart Anderson, Martin Daumer, Phoebe Li, Tom Melvin and Robin Williams et al.

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    Summary CITP publication

    Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning medical tools have the potential to be transformative in care delivery; however, this change will only be realized if accompanied by effective governance that ensures patient safety and public trust. Recent digital health initiatives have called for tighter governance of digital health. A correct balance must be found between ensuring product safety and performance while also enabling the innovation needed to deliver better approaches for patients and affordable efficient health care for society. This requires innovative, fit-for-purpose approaches to regulation. Digital health technologies, particularly AI-based tools, pose specific challenges to the development and implementation of functional regulation. The approaches of regulatory science and “better regulation” have a critical role in developing and evaluating solutions to these problems and ensuring effective implementation. We describe the divergent approaches of the European Union and the United States in the implementation of new regulatory approaches in digital health, and we consider the United Kingdom as a third example, which is in a unique position of developing a new post-Brexit regulatory framework.

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  • Evidence 3 April 2023

    Britain in the World

    By Emily Lydgate, Michael Gasiorek, L. Alan Winters CB, Ingo Borchert, Phoebe Li, Minako Morita Jaeger, Mattia Di Ubaldo and Maria Savona.

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    Summary CITP publication

    Response to the Labour Party National Policy Forum Consultation 2023 providing recommendations on trade policy and growth; digital economy and digital trade policy; international trade, worker and human rights, domestic decarbonization and environmental objectives and trade resilience and economic security.

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